雅思语法基础1
来源：天津大学生家教网中心 日期：2013-3-15
A language is acquired through practice; it is perfected through grammar. -- 语言通过实践获得，通过语法臻进完美。 英语句子成分与词性 英语句子的构成成分共分为 8 种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语和同位语。 1.主语：是全句述说的对象，一般位于句首，除了在 there be 结构、疑问句和倒装句中。 Time and tide wait for no man. We live and learn. The young and the old do not have the same idea about physical exercises. Reading makes a full man. To master a foreign language is necessary. 2.谓语：说明主语的情况，永远只能由动词组成。 Life is full of ups and downs. Many hands make light work. Every dog has his day. There are no waves without wind. You can’t control your life, but you can control your attitude towards life. 3.宾语：表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词或不及物动词 Reading enriches the mind. Nobody can deceive him. The good in school uniforms outweighs the bad. Most weight losers decide to have a vegetarian diet. Teleworkers can avoid wasting their precious working time. 4. 表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态或特征。 常见的系动词有：
Love is blind. Good health is wealth. The master of your life is yourself. I am under the weather. Old people are usually experienced. The aim of telework is saving costs and reducing workload. The most effective solution is to enhance the public awareness of the rubbish problem. 5.定语：修饰名词的成分。 Amy is a lovely girl. Poor computer skills hinder children’s development. This could change our lives. Our office is on the 12th floor. They are going to send a trade delegation to China. There is a door leading to the street. That is the boy who stole my E-bike. 6.补语：补充说明主语或宾语的性质和状态。
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Many youngsters may consider violence on TV reasonable. Parental love and care can keep juvenile crimes low. 7.状语：可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。表示程度、伴随、时间、地点、原因、目的、 结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。 Daisy welcomed us warmly. We were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story. Not knowing when to go, he decided to ask the teacher for advice. To begin with, John is too young for that kind of job. 8.同位语：用来补充说明另一个名词（短语）或代词的具体内容或情况。 We should make full use of today, the hope of tomorrow. People, old and young, came out to greet the distinguished guests. We two like the saying: money talks. 9.插入语：对一句话的附加说明，常用逗号或破折号与其他成分隔开。 True, it would bee too bad. To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you. Judging by his clothes, he may be an artist. That, in my opinion, is only one of the minor issues. 词性须知练习： Adj.→n./pron. 年轻人应该把零花钱花在值得的东西上。